Visit
a work under construction located at the National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle (La Cantuta)
One of the building materials that I found interesting were the bricks that used to be of various sizes and weights with a volume of empty variables in the utility function to be given in the work, which is why I decided to develop the theme of brick which is presented below:
BRICKS A brick is a ceramic piece, usually cuboid , obtained by molding, drying and baking at high temperatures of a clay paste, usually variable dimensions. Used in masonry to the execution wall, bricks, etc. It is estimated that the first bricks were created around 6,000 a. C.
DEVELOPED THE ITEM IN 3 PARTS:
1) as a building BRICKS
Geometry
Its shape is a rectangular prism, in which different dimensions are called rope, blight and thick, with the rope greatest dimension. Also, the different faces of the brick are the table name, voice and coat (the table is the greater). In general, the rope is twice the length of blight or, more accurately, two brands plus a board, allowing combined freely. Thickness, by contrast, can not be modulated. There are different formats of bricks, usually a size that allows to handle with one hand. In particular, they emphasize the metric format in which the dimensions are 24 x 11.5 x 5.25 cm (note that each dimension is twice the next lower board plus 1 cm.)
brick Types:
by their shape, the bricks are classified as:
• perforated brick, which are all those who have holes in the table to occupy more than 10% of the surface of it. Very popular for implementing brick facades.
• Solid brick: those with less than 10% of perforations in the table. Some models presented in these tables and recesses in the wall heads for execution without sores.
• brick tile or manual: simulate old handmade bricks, looking rough and wrinkled faces. Have good ornamental.
• Hollow brick are those who have slots on the edge or in the head, reducing the volume of ceramics used in them. Are used to partition that would not suffer special burdens. Can be of several types:
Rasilla: its thickness and rope are much greater than its blight. Hollow brick
simple: it has a row of holes in the head.
double hollow brick: it has two rows of holes in the head.
uses bricks are used in construction fences, walls and partitions. It is mainly used to build walls or partitions. Although bone can be placed, it is usually received with mortar. The arrangement of the bricks in the wall known as rigging, and there is great variety of them. Pulley Rig
is the law of work or provision of the bricks in a wall, stating from the dimensions of the wall to the meetings and enjarjes, so that the wall rises evenly throughout the building height. Some types of gear are:
• Rig a rope, the sides of the wall formed by the ropes of the brick, has a thickness of half a foot (the blight) and is used to facing brick facades. • Equipment to
brands or English: in this case the tailings are the sides of the wall and its thickness is 1 foot (rope). Widely used in structural load-bearing walls (bearing). • Equipment
English: in this case alternate rows in ropes and brands, giving a thickness of 1 foot (rope). Is widely used for bearing walls in facing brick facades. His work is better than the tailings wall but implementation work is more complicated and requires more experienced workforce. • Equipment in panderete
: is used for the implementation of walls, its thickness is the thickness of the piece and not ready to absorb loads except its own weight.
• Equipment popcorn: it's like the gear from panderete but leaving gaps between the horizontal pieces. Those employed in temporary partitions must leave the room air and a certain type of roof structure.
2) MADE OF BRICKS:
The use of brick as a building, known since antiquity, culture of the Roman Empire was the wide diffusion of brick construction.
process:
Today, at any brick factory, carried out a series of standard processes ranging from the choice of clay material, the final packaging process. Matter raw material used for brick production is basically clay. This material is composed essentially of silica, alumina, water and varying amounts of iron oxides and other alkaline materials such as oxides of calcium and magnesium oxides. Particulate materials hygroscopically can absorb up to 70% by weight of water. Due to the characteristic of absorbing moisture, clay, when hydrated, acquires sufficient plasticity to be shaped, very different from when dry, which presents an earthy appearance. During the curing, drying, or baking, the clay material becomes extremely robust features with a decrease in mass loss of water from 5 to 15% in proportion to its initial plasticity. After selecting the type of clay the process can be summarized as:
• Maturation • Mechanical treatment prior
• Storage of raw material processed
• Humidification • Molded
• Drying • Cooking • Storage
Before entering Maturation clay in the production cycle, have to undergo certain treatments of grinding, blending and stockpiling rest, in order to obtain a proper consistency and uniformity of the characteristics desired physical and chemical.
The rest of the elements are, first, in order to facilitate the crushing of the terrors and the dissolution of the nodules to prevent agglomeration of the clay particles. Exposure to weathering (air, rain, sun, ice, etc..) Promotes further decomposition of organic matter that may be present and allows purification chemical and biological material. In this way you get a completely inert material and not given to subsequent mechanical or chemical transformations.
Mechanical treatment prior
After maturation that occurs in the collection, follows the pre-development phase that consists of a series of operations that are intended to purify and refine the raw material. The instruments used in the pre-processing to purely mechanical treatment usually: Breaker
lumps, as its name indicates, serves to reduce the size of the lumps up or diameter of between 15 and 30 mm. Eliminator
stones: it generally consists of two cylinders that rotate at different speeds, capable of separating the clay rocks or Chinese.
Disintegrator: in charge of crushing the clods of larger more hard and compact, by the action of a series of toothed cylinder. Rolling
refiner, is formed by two smooth rotating cylinders mounted on parallel axes, with separation, each 1 to 2 mm, space where the clay is passed subjecting it to a crushing and pressing to make it even smaller the particles. In this last phase is achieved by the eventual crushing of the last node that might be, still inside the material. Warehouse
raw material processed:
In pre-production phase, following the deposit of material in special silos in a roof, where the material is homogenized definitely both in appearance and physical and chemical characteristics.
Humidification:
Before coming to the molding operation, the clay is removed from the silos and brought to a rolling mill refiner and then to a mixer humidifier, which adds water to obtain accurate moisture.
Cast:
molding consists of passing the mixture of clay through a nozzle at the end of the extruder. The nozzle is a perforated plate having the shape of the object to be produced.
molding typically is heated using saturated steam at about 130 ° C under reduced pressure. Proceeding in this way, you get a more uniform moisture more compact mass, since the steam has a more pervasive than water.
Drying: Drying is
one of the most delicate phases of the production process. This stage depends, in large part, the success and quality of material, mostly in relation to the absence of cracks. Drying is intended to remove the water added at the stage of molded, thus, can move to the firing stage.
This phase is done in kilns that can be of different types. Sometimes air is circulated from one end to another, inside the dryer, and sometimes it is the material that circulates inside the dryer without inducing air currents. It is customary that the elimination of water, raw material is carried out by blowing on the surface, material, hot air with a variable amount of moisture. This avoids thermal shock moisture contents that may cause a decrease in the water body at different rates in different parts of the material and, therefore, to produce localized fissures.
Cooking:
is done in tunnel kilns, which in some cases can reach up to 120 m in length, and wherein the temperature of the cooking zone between 900 ° C and 1000 ° C.
Inside the oven, the temperature varies continuously and consistently. The dried material is placed on special carts in standard packages and continuously fed by one end of the tunnel (where it comes out the other end once it is cooked).
Storage:
Before packing, we proceed to the formation of packages on pallets, that will then move them easily with fork trucks. The packaging consists of wrapping packages with plastic ties or metal, so that they can be deposited in storage locations, then be transported by truck.
3) BRICKS MORE BUSINESS IN PERU:
In Peru there are some brick factories gained some popularity because of the quality of their products among these we can mention some of them to the following: BRICKS REX, BRICKS LARK, PYRAMID BRICKS, BRICKS FORTES among others.
then describe some types of commercial bricks in the middle with their uses:
Measures 23 x 12.4 x 9
UNIDADES/M2 36
WEIGHT KG. 2.9 USE
Structures (solid walls)
measures 24 x 13 x 9
UNIDADES/M2 36
WEIGHT KG. 3.85
more rustic use in structures,
construction costs.
measures 24 x 12 x 6
UNIDADES/M2
WEIGHT 56 KG. USE
2.2 product developed in order to implement
rustic finishes,
Slowing construction costs.
MEASURES 30 x 30 x 8
UNIDADES/M2 9
WEIGHT KG. Product used
4.6 USE Implementation
particularly for roofing, for his great
consistency and strength, but more relaxed.
MEASURES 30 x 30 x 12
UNIDADES/M2 9
WEIGHT KG. 6 USE
Product used particularly for the roofing Implementation
, due to its consistency and strength
(more
Ceilings Lightened)
measures 30 x 30 x 15
UNIDADES/M2 9
WEIGHT KG. 7.65 USE
Product used particularly for the Implementation
ceilings, for his great
consistency and strength.
Measures 30 x 30 x 20
UNIDADES/M2 9
WEIGHT KG. 10
USE Product used particularly for the Implementation
ceilings, for his great
consistency and strength,
commonly used in large projects.
Lisa
MEASURES: 23 x 11.1 x 9.4 / Hairline: 23 x 10.5 x 9.3
UNIDADES/M2 S / N
WEIGHT KG. 2
USE
Product used primarily to develop in the external partition.
MEASURES Fontanela Cove 12 - 20 x 50 x 12
WEIGHT KG. 8.1
MEASURES Fontanela Cove 15 - 20 x 41.5 x 15
WEIGHT KG. 7.5
Cove MEASURES 20 fontanel - 20 x 41.5 x 20
WEIGHT KG. 10.15
USE Advancing with development in the construction sector
develop products for our core
Vanguard clients.
MEASURES 35
UNIDADES/M2
WEIGHT 33 KG. 1.6 USE
finished product is designed for optimal and
environmental insulation (roof exterior)
measures 24 x 24 x 3
UNIDADES/M2
WEIGHT 16 KG. 2.2 USE
Product designed for Superior finishes and the
isolates
Environment